Number of errors in copying a German passage before and after an experimental course in German

Data for Exercise 7.60

German

Format

A data frame/tibble with ten observations on three variables

student

a character variable indicating student number

when

a character variable with values Before and After to indicate when the student received experimental instruction in German

errors

the number of errors in copying a German passage

References

Kitchens, L. J. (2003) Basic Statistics and Data Analysis. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning.

Examples

if (FALSE) {
tidyr::spread(German, when, errors) -> GermanWide
t.test(Pair(After, Before) ~ 1, data = GermanWide)
wilcox.test(Pair(After, Before) ~ 1, data = GermanWide)
T8 <- tidyr::spread(German, when, errors) %>%
mutate(di = After - Before, adi = abs(di), rk = rank(adi), srk = sign(di)*rk)
T8
qqnorm(T8$di)
qqline(T8$di)
t.test(T8$srk)
}